AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding a fourth oral antidiabetic drug versus metformin uptitration in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral triple therapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this 24-week, randomized, open-label trial, adults with type 2 diabetes having glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) 7.0-9.0% despite oral triple therapy with metformin plus a thiazolidinedione (TZD), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) were randomized to an oral quadruple add-on group or a metformin uptitration group. The quadruple group received the class not previously used (TZD, SGLT2i, or DPP-4i), whereas the metformin uptitration group increased the metformin dose by up to 500 mg per day. The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1C at week 24. Secondary endpoints included fasting glucose, metabolic parameters, and safety.
RESULTS: Hundred and ninety-three were evaluable: 48 in the metformin uptitration group and 145 in the quadruple group. Compared to baseline, HbA1C at week 24 decreased by 0.70% (interquartile range [IQR] 0.40%, 1.10%) with quadruple therapy and 0.40% (IQR 0.10%, 0.80%) with metformin uptitration (p = 0.002). The rate achieving HbA1C =7.0% was higher in the quadruple group (69.7% vs. 47.9%, p = 0.006). Insulin resistance improved only in the quadruple group and was accompanied by reduced albuminuria. Adverse events were mild and comparable between groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Oral quadruple therapy achieved greater glycaemic and metabolic improvement without compromising safety, compared with metformin uptitration, supporting its role as an intensification strategy.
| Discipline Area | Score |
|---|---|
| Family Medicine (FM)/General Practice (GP) |  |
| General Internal Medicine-Primary Care(US) | |
| Endocrine | |
This is a relatively well-controlled study population (mean A1C - 7.5). In my practice, I would not be pushing to lower A1C's if the patient was in the 7-7.9 range, and I think this is consistent with accepted practice. What is absent is a stratified analysis looking at more poorly controlled participants. This is not helpful information for me.
A little confusing, since one would think metformin should be maximized prior to adding any other meds. But still seems to be a somewhat useful study.